Our Father Who Art in Heaven
We can call God our "Father" because he is revealed to us by his Son Christ Jesus who became man. Through Baptism we are adopted as Children of God. The free gift of adoption requires on our part continual conversion and a new life. Praying to our Father should develop in us two fundamental dispositions: first, the desire to become like him, and second, a humble and trusting heart. "Who art in heaven" does not mean space but a way of being, that he is majestic and transcends everything we can conceive of his holiness. The Father is in heaven, his dwelling place, our homeland to which we aspire. What a blessing to call God our Father!
The Seven Petitions
After we place ourselves in the presence of God our Father, there are seven petitions, the first three theological for the glory of the Father, which draw us towards him, and the last four present our wants to him and commend us to his grace. The first series of petitions carries us
toward him, for his own sake: thy name, thy kingdom, thy will. It is characteristic of love to think first of the one whom we love. The second series of petitions are an offering up of our hopes.
1. Hallowed Be Thy Name
The term "to hallow" means to recognize as holy, to treat in a holy way. St. Gregory of Nyssa, a Church Father in Cappadocia in Asia Minor, wrote around 380 AD that "of all good things the most important for me is that God's name should be glorified in my life." If we truly hallow the
Father, then we respect him in our hearts, and so enter into God's plan for us and our salvation. The sanctification of God's name in the world and our own salvation depends on our life and prayer.
2. Thy Kingdom Come
The Kingdom of God is brought near in the Word Incarnate, and it has come in Christ's Last Supper, death and resurrection. The Kingdom of God is in our midst in the Eucharist, and will come in glory when Christ hands it over to his Father. "Thy kingdom come" in the Lord's Prayer
refers primarily to the final coming of the reign of God through Christ's return. This second petition prays for the growth of the kingdom of God in the "today" of our lives, bearing the fruit of new life in the Eight Beatitudes of Jesus.
3. Thy Will be done on Earth as it is in Heaven
St. Ignatius of Antioch, in his Letter to the Ephesians 7:2, was the first Apostolic father to refer to Jesus Christ as the Physician. St. Gregory of Nyssa continues this concept in his sermon on this phrase: "Therefore the true Physician of the diseases of the soul, who shared the life of man
for the sake of those who were sick, gradually weakens the cause of disease through the thoughts contained in the prayer and so restores us to spiritual health." When we say thy will be done, we ask that God's will be done within us, to offset our weak nature, a nature given to
concupiscence and temptation.
God's expression of his will is the commandment that "you love one another, even as I have loved you" (John 13:34). This commandment summarizes all the others and expresses his entire will. We ask for God's loving plan to be fully realized on earth as it already is in heaven.
Through prayer we can discern what is the will of God and obtain the endurance to do it. May we learn obedience!
4. Give us this Day our daily Bread.
The Greek language has the Imperative of Entreaty expressed in all of these petitions; in other words, the word please is implied. "Give us" expresses in communion with our brethren our filial trust in our heavenly Father and the covenant between the Father and all men. The Father who gives us life gives us "our bread," the nourishment life requires, both material and spiritual. The presence of world hunger calls Christians to exercise responsibility and justice for the poor, to share with love our spiritual and material goods. This petition also addresses the spiritual famine of the world, and the Christian is to proclaim the good news to
the poor, the Bread of Life: the Body of Christ received in the Eucharist. Gregory of Nyssa points out that this expression is full of meaning: "For you should learn through what you say that the human life is but the life of a day. Only the present each one of us can call his own; the hope of the future is unknown, for we know not what the day to come may bring forth."
5. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us.
In this petition we return to Him as a prodigal son and begin our confession as sinners and need of mercy. Our hope is firm, for in his Son we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins. There is a condition here: this mercy can only fill our hearts if we have forgiven those who have
trespassed against us! Remember the verses that follow the Our Father in Matthew: "For if you forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses" (Matthew 6:14-15). Pope John Paul II reminds us: "Forgiveness is the key to peace!"
6. And lead us not into temptation
This petition asks God not to allow us to take the path that leads to sin. This petition implores the Spirit for discernment and strength in the battle between flesh and spirit. The Holy Spirit makes us discern between trials, necessary for the growth of the inner man, and temptation, which leads to sin and death. Discernment unmasks the lie of temptation. This petition also requests the grace of vigilance and final perseverance.
7. But deliver us from evil
This last petition to our Father is included in the prayer of Jesus, and we pray in communion with the Church for the deliverance of the whole human family. Evil is not an abstraction but a person, satan, the evil one, the deceiver of the world. Victory over the prince of this world was won once and for all at the Hour when Jesus freely gave himself up to death to give us his life. Along with the deliverance from the evils that overwhelm humanity, the Church implores the precious gift of peace and the grace of perseverance in expectation of Christ's return.
For Thine is the Kingdom, the Power, and the Glory, now and forever. Amen.
Early manuscripts of the Gospel of Matthew do not contain this phrase, but it is found in the Catholic Mass or Divine Liturgy and in the King James Bible of 1611. Known as the final doxology, it takes up the first three petitions to our Father. By the final "Amen," which means "So be it," we ratify what is contained in the prayer that God has taught us.
We can call God our "Father" because he is revealed to us by his Son Christ Jesus who became man. Through Baptism we are adopted as Children of God. The free gift of adoption requires on our part continual conversion and a new life. Praying to our Father should develop in us two fundamental dispositions: first, the desire to become like him, and second, a humble and trusting heart. "Who art in heaven" does not mean space but a way of being, that he is majestic and transcends everything we can conceive of his holiness. The Father is in heaven, his dwelling place, our homeland to which we aspire. What a blessing to call God our Father!
The Seven Petitions
After we place ourselves in the presence of God our Father, there are seven petitions, the first three theological for the glory of the Father, which draw us towards him, and the last four present our wants to him and commend us to his grace. The first series of petitions carries us
toward him, for his own sake: thy name, thy kingdom, thy will. It is characteristic of love to think first of the one whom we love. The second series of petitions are an offering up of our hopes.
1. Hallowed Be Thy Name
The term "to hallow" means to recognize as holy, to treat in a holy way. St. Gregory of Nyssa, a Church Father in Cappadocia in Asia Minor, wrote around 380 AD that "of all good things the most important for me is that God's name should be glorified in my life." If we truly hallow the
Father, then we respect him in our hearts, and so enter into God's plan for us and our salvation. The sanctification of God's name in the world and our own salvation depends on our life and prayer.
2. Thy Kingdom Come
The Kingdom of God is brought near in the Word Incarnate, and it has come in Christ's Last Supper, death and resurrection. The Kingdom of God is in our midst in the Eucharist, and will come in glory when Christ hands it over to his Father. "Thy kingdom come" in the Lord's Prayer
refers primarily to the final coming of the reign of God through Christ's return. This second petition prays for the growth of the kingdom of God in the "today" of our lives, bearing the fruit of new life in the Eight Beatitudes of Jesus.
3. Thy Will be done on Earth as it is in Heaven
St. Ignatius of Antioch, in his Letter to the Ephesians 7:2, was the first Apostolic father to refer to Jesus Christ as the Physician. St. Gregory of Nyssa continues this concept in his sermon on this phrase: "Therefore the true Physician of the diseases of the soul, who shared the life of man
for the sake of those who were sick, gradually weakens the cause of disease through the thoughts contained in the prayer and so restores us to spiritual health." When we say thy will be done, we ask that God's will be done within us, to offset our weak nature, a nature given to
concupiscence and temptation.
God's expression of his will is the commandment that "you love one another, even as I have loved you" (John 13:34). This commandment summarizes all the others and expresses his entire will. We ask for God's loving plan to be fully realized on earth as it already is in heaven.
Through prayer we can discern what is the will of God and obtain the endurance to do it. May we learn obedience!
4. Give us this Day our daily Bread.
The Greek language has the Imperative of Entreaty expressed in all of these petitions; in other words, the word please is implied. "Give us" expresses in communion with our brethren our filial trust in our heavenly Father and the covenant between the Father and all men. The Father who gives us life gives us "our bread," the nourishment life requires, both material and spiritual. The presence of world hunger calls Christians to exercise responsibility and justice for the poor, to share with love our spiritual and material goods. This petition also addresses the spiritual famine of the world, and the Christian is to proclaim the good news to
the poor, the Bread of Life: the Body of Christ received in the Eucharist. Gregory of Nyssa points out that this expression is full of meaning: "For you should learn through what you say that the human life is but the life of a day. Only the present each one of us can call his own; the hope of the future is unknown, for we know not what the day to come may bring forth."
5. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us.
In this petition we return to Him as a prodigal son and begin our confession as sinners and need of mercy. Our hope is firm, for in his Son we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins. There is a condition here: this mercy can only fill our hearts if we have forgiven those who have
trespassed against us! Remember the verses that follow the Our Father in Matthew: "For if you forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses" (Matthew 6:14-15). Pope John Paul II reminds us: "Forgiveness is the key to peace!"
6. And lead us not into temptation
This petition asks God not to allow us to take the path that leads to sin. This petition implores the Spirit for discernment and strength in the battle between flesh and spirit. The Holy Spirit makes us discern between trials, necessary for the growth of the inner man, and temptation, which leads to sin and death. Discernment unmasks the lie of temptation. This petition also requests the grace of vigilance and final perseverance.
7. But deliver us from evil
This last petition to our Father is included in the prayer of Jesus, and we pray in communion with the Church for the deliverance of the whole human family. Evil is not an abstraction but a person, satan, the evil one, the deceiver of the world. Victory over the prince of this world was won once and for all at the Hour when Jesus freely gave himself up to death to give us his life. Along with the deliverance from the evils that overwhelm humanity, the Church implores the precious gift of peace and the grace of perseverance in expectation of Christ's return.
For Thine is the Kingdom, the Power, and the Glory, now and forever. Amen.
Early manuscripts of the Gospel of Matthew do not contain this phrase, but it is found in the Catholic Mass or Divine Liturgy and in the King James Bible of 1611. Known as the final doxology, it takes up the first three petitions to our Father. By the final "Amen," which means "So be it," we ratify what is contained in the prayer that God has taught us.
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